Month: December 2015

December 27, 2015 0

Fall of the Arab Spring: From Revolution to Destruction

By News Desk

Links Fall of the Arab Spring: From Revolution to Destruction December 27, 2015 ( Christopher Brennan – Global Research ) From Libya and Egypt to Syria and Yemen, the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region is undergoing unprecedented tumult and chaos. To understand the current breakdown of states and society, examining the so-called Arab Spring of 2011 that laid the groundwork for this ongoing regional anarchy is indispensable.Global Research brings to the attention of its readers the newly released book by Christopher L. Brennan

December 27, 2015 0

Post Normal Policy

By News Desk

Stakes high, and Decisions urgent.  It was a response to problems that came to the fore in the 1980s such as environmental tobacco smoke, HIV/AIDS, acid rain, ozone depletion and, yes, climate change.  The observant amongst the bunnies will have noticed that science only has something to say about the first.  Values are a question of ethics, stakes economics, and decisions policy. However, the misleading formulation leaves much room for ClimateBall.    The science part is Pre-Normal Science, the stage at which something has been observed, but no one quite knows where it came from, what it means or how to understand it.  Science actually has a way of dealing with such situations. The initial flailing about to reach a useful understanding is later used by those who oppose action to obfuscate by insisting that still nothing is known, what is known is wrong, or at best that more research is needed.  Oh yes, natural variability.

December 26, 2015 0

Normal Science

By News Desk

Thomas Kuhn, in " The Structure of Scientific Revolutions " understood what normal science is Normal Science means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.†Normal Science by definition operates when scientists share a common set of theories, models and observations, in other words when there is a consensus. Normal science is puzzle solving within the field’s consensus.